Far Out ( 12 ) IMDb 7.8 1h 11min 2018 NR It is the quest to seek out undiscovered realms and inspire new waves of creativity, enlightenment, and progression in skiing.
- FarEdit is a utility program that allows you to view and edit FAR archive files. FAR files are collections of files, compacted into one single file for easy transport. The Sims uses FAR files to pull together various types like objects, bitmaps, skins, UI graphics and meshes.
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What is Wheel Offset and Backspacing?
So you've managed to save up the cash to start building your truck. First things first, you end up searching the internet trying to find your bolt pattern, backspacing, hub size, and more. But more importantly, you're trying to figure out what wheels and tires are going to fit your truck. Does diameter matter? Does width matter? Unfortunately, it's just not that easy. Things like backspacing and offset can be as unique as the wheel that matches your truck. So how can you be sure what you want will fit and look exactly how you want it to? That's where we come in.
Now, If you aren't the reading type and just want a quick answer - You can always search our fitment gallery by your Year/ Make/ Model here.
If you want to become a subject matter expert, let's dive into this.
Wheel sizes are normally listed as 22x12 -51mm or 18x9 +25mm, etc, but what do all of those numbers even mean?
The first number listed is the diameter in inches. So a 22x12 -51mm would be a 22' diameter wheel. The second set of numbers listed is the width in inches, so a 22x12 -51mm would be a 12' wide wheel. The third set of numbers is where it gets tricky. That number is the offset of the wheel in mm. So a 22x12 -51mm would be a -51mm offset.
So there's wheel diameter, wheel width, and a 'positive' or 'negative' offset. What is offset? Offset is the distance in millimeters (mm) + or - from the hub (where you bolt the wheel to the vehicle) to the true center of the wheel.
A 'negative' offset is where the mounting surface of the wheel is closer to the inside (brake side) of the wheel. In the truck world, many custom truck wheels come in aggressive negative offsets. The more negative the offset, the more aggressive stance you will get. This means the wheels will 'poke' outside of the fenders. 'Poke' or 'Stance' is when the wheel and tire stick outside of your fender. A negative offset is what can create a larger lip or concave style, which will push the tire out.
A 'positive' offset is where the mounting surface of the wheel is closer to the outside (fender side) of the wheel. This pushes the wheel in toward the brakes which can 'sink' the tire and wheel into the fender well opening.
Does backspacing matter? Backspacing is similar to offset, but it changes where we measure from. We are still looking for the distance from the mounting surface of the wheel, but instead of measuring the 'center line', it's measured from the back edge of the mounting surface (hub). Backspacing is less commonly used than offset, because offset has replaced backspace measuring in common wheel fitment.
No worries, that's why Custom Offsets exists! You don't have to worry about any of this because we have created a place to search specs, browse fitment, and share photos of YOUR ride! To start finding your perfect fitment, click here. . Each entry in our gallery has any and all suspension & wheel modifications listed so you know EXACTLY what they had to do to make their set up fit! Already have aftermarket wheels? Add your truck, and we'll share it!
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How Can 0.999. = 1?
There are many different proofs of the fact that '0.9999.' does indeed equal 1. So why does this question keep coming up?
Students don't generally argue with '0.3333.' being equal to 1/3, but then, one-third is a fraction. Maybe it's just that it 'feels' 'wrong' that something as nice and neat and well-behaved as the number '1' could also be written in such a messy form as '0.9999.' Whatever the reason, many students (me included) have, at one time or another, felt uncomfortable with this equality.
One of the major sticking points seems to be notational, so let me get that out of the way first: When I say '0.9999.', I don't mean '0.9' or '0.99' or '0.9999' or '0.999' followed by some large but finite (limited) number of 9's'. The ellipsis (the 'dot, dot, dot' after the last 9) means 'goes on forever in like manner'. In other words, '0.9999.' never ends. There will always be another '9' to tack onto the end of 0.9999.. So don't object to 0.9999. = 1 on the basis of 'however far you go out, you still won't be equal to 1', because there is no 'however far' to 'go out' to; you can always go further.
'But', some say, 'there will always be a difference between 0.9999. and 1.' Well, sort of. Yes, at any given stop, at any given stage of the expansion, for any given finite number of 9s, there will be a difference between 0.999.9 and 1. That is, if you do the subtraction, 1 – 0.999.9 will not equal zero. But the point of the 'dot, dot, dot' is that there is no end; 0.9999. is inifinte. There is no 'last' digit. So the 'there's always a difference' argument betrays a lack of understanding of the infinite. (That's not a 'criticism', per se; infinity is a messy topic.)
Proof by geometric series
The number '0.9999.' can be 'expanded' as:
0.9999. = 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + 0.0009 + .
In other words, each term in this endless summation will have a '9' preceded by some number of zeroes. This may also be written as:
That is, this is an infinite geometric series with first term a = 9/10 and common ratio r = 1/10. Since the size of the common ratio r is less than 1, we can use the infinite-sum formula to find the value:
So the formula proves that 0.9999. Red giant trapcode suite 14. = 1.
Note: Technically, the above proof requires that some fairly advanced concepts be taken on faith. If you study 'foundations' or mathematical philosophy (way after calculus), you may encounter the requisite theoretical constructs. Copyright © Elizabeth Stapel 2006-2011 All Rights Reserved
Other pre-calculus arguments
Argument from precedence: If you haven't already learned that1/3 = 0.333. in decimal form, you can prove this easily by doing the long division:
.and so forth, ad infinitum.
So there's wheel diameter, wheel width, and a 'positive' or 'negative' offset. What is offset? Offset is the distance in millimeters (mm) + or - from the hub (where you bolt the wheel to the vehicle) to the true center of the wheel.
A 'negative' offset is where the mounting surface of the wheel is closer to the inside (brake side) of the wheel. In the truck world, many custom truck wheels come in aggressive negative offsets. The more negative the offset, the more aggressive stance you will get. This means the wheels will 'poke' outside of the fenders. 'Poke' or 'Stance' is when the wheel and tire stick outside of your fender. A negative offset is what can create a larger lip or concave style, which will push the tire out.
A 'positive' offset is where the mounting surface of the wheel is closer to the outside (fender side) of the wheel. This pushes the wheel in toward the brakes which can 'sink' the tire and wheel into the fender well opening.
Does backspacing matter? Backspacing is similar to offset, but it changes where we measure from. We are still looking for the distance from the mounting surface of the wheel, but instead of measuring the 'center line', it's measured from the back edge of the mounting surface (hub). Backspacing is less commonly used than offset, because offset has replaced backspace measuring in common wheel fitment.
No worries, that's why Custom Offsets exists! You don't have to worry about any of this because we have created a place to search specs, browse fitment, and share photos of YOUR ride! To start finding your perfect fitment, click here. . Each entry in our gallery has any and all suspension & wheel modifications listed so you know EXACTLY what they had to do to make their set up fit! Already have aftermarket wheels? Add your truck, and we'll share it!
Return to the Lessons Index | Do the Lessons in Order | Print-friendly page |
How Can 0.999. = 1?
There are many different proofs of the fact that '0.9999.' does indeed equal 1. So why does this question keep coming up?
Students don't generally argue with '0.3333.' being equal to 1/3, but then, one-third is a fraction. Maybe it's just that it 'feels' 'wrong' that something as nice and neat and well-behaved as the number '1' could also be written in such a messy form as '0.9999.' Whatever the reason, many students (me included) have, at one time or another, felt uncomfortable with this equality.
One of the major sticking points seems to be notational, so let me get that out of the way first: When I say '0.9999.', I don't mean '0.9' or '0.99' or '0.9999' or '0.999' followed by some large but finite (limited) number of 9's'. The ellipsis (the 'dot, dot, dot' after the last 9) means 'goes on forever in like manner'. In other words, '0.9999.' never ends. There will always be another '9' to tack onto the end of 0.9999.. So don't object to 0.9999. = 1 on the basis of 'however far you go out, you still won't be equal to 1', because there is no 'however far' to 'go out' to; you can always go further.
'But', some say, 'there will always be a difference between 0.9999. and 1.' Well, sort of. Yes, at any given stop, at any given stage of the expansion, for any given finite number of 9s, there will be a difference between 0.999.9 and 1. That is, if you do the subtraction, 1 – 0.999.9 will not equal zero. But the point of the 'dot, dot, dot' is that there is no end; 0.9999. is inifinte. There is no 'last' digit. So the 'there's always a difference' argument betrays a lack of understanding of the infinite. (That's not a 'criticism', per se; infinity is a messy topic.)
Proof by geometric series
The number '0.9999.' can be 'expanded' as:
0.9999. = 0.9 + 0.09 + 0.009 + 0.0009 + .
In other words, each term in this endless summation will have a '9' preceded by some number of zeroes. This may also be written as:
That is, this is an infinite geometric series with first term a = 9/10 and common ratio r = 1/10. Since the size of the common ratio r is less than 1, we can use the infinite-sum formula to find the value:
So the formula proves that 0.9999. Red giant trapcode suite 14. = 1.
Note: Technically, the above proof requires that some fairly advanced concepts be taken on faith. If you study 'foundations' or mathematical philosophy (way after calculus), you may encounter the requisite theoretical constructs. Copyright © Elizabeth Stapel 2006-2011 All Rights Reserved
Other pre-calculus arguments
Argument from precedence: If you haven't already learned that1/3 = 0.333. in decimal form, you can prove this easily by doing the long division:
.and so forth, ad infinitum.
Borderlands 2 2 0 download free. So1/3 + 1/3 + 1/3 = 3( 1/3 ) = 1. Reasonably then, 0.333. Microsoft paint software for windows 7 free download. + 0.333. + 0.333. = 3(0.333.) should also equal 1. But 3(0.333.) = 0.999. Then 0.999. must equal 1.
Argument from arithmetic: Macbook pro ll a. When you subtract a number from itself, the result is zero. For instance, 4 – 4 = 0. So what is the result when you subtract 0.999. from 1? For shorter subtractions, you get:
Then what about 1.000. – 0.999.? You'll get an infinite string of zeroes. 'But,' you ask, 'what about that '1' at the end?' Ah, but 0.999. is an infinite decimal; there is no 'end', and thus there is no '1 at the end'. The zeroes go on forever. And 0.000. = 0.
Then 1 – 0.999. = 0.000. = 0, and 1 = 0.999.
Argument from philosophy: If two numbers are different, then you can fit another number between them, such as their average. But what number could you possibly fit between 0.999. and 1.000.?
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Argument from algebra: The expression 0.999. is some number; it has some value. Call this numerical value 'x', so 0.999. = x. Multiply this equation by ten:
x = 0.999.
10x = 9.999.
Subtract the former from the latter:
Solving, we get x = 1, so 0.999. = 1.
'But,' you ask, 'when you multiply by ten, that puts a zero at the end, doesn't it?' For finite expansions, certainly; but 0.999. is infinite. There is no 'end' after which to put that zero.
Argument from semantics: A common objection is that, while 0.999. 'gets arbitrarily close' to 1, it is never actually equal to 1. But what is meant by 'gets arbitrarily close'? It's not like the number is moving at all; it is what it is, and it just sits there, looking at you. It doesn't 'come' or 'go' or 'move' or 'get close' to anything.
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On the other hand, the terms of the associated sequence, 0.9, 0.99, 0.999, 0.9999, ., do 'get arbitrarily close' to 1, in the sense that, for each term in the progression, the difference between that term and 1 gets smaller and smaller. No matter how small you want that difference to be, I can find a term where the difference is even smaller.
This 'getting arbitrarily close' process refers to something called 'limits'. You'll learn about limits later, probably in calculus. And, according to limit theory, 'getting arbitrarily close' means that they're equal: 0.999. does indeed equal 1.
Note regarding all of the above: To a certain extent, each of these arguments depends on a basic foundational doctrine of mathematics called 'The Axiom of Choice'. A discussion of the Axiom of Choice is well beyond anything we could cover here, and is something that most mathematicians simply take on faith.
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Cite this article as: | Stapel, Elizabeth. 'How Can 0.999. = 1?' Purplemath. Available from |